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Interleukin 15 (IL-15) is a four-alpha helix bundle cytokine with many similar properties to IL-2, with which it shares components of its receptor. The IL-15 receptor is a heterotrimeric receptor composed of IL-15Ra, the high-affinity receptor for IL-15, as well as IL-2/15Rb (CD122) and common gamma chain (CD132). IL-15 binds to IL-15Rα receptor and can then be presented in trans to IL-2/15Rb and common gamma chain on other cells. Trans-presentation is thought to be the major mechanism by which IL-15-mediated responses occur in mice, although may not be necessary in humans (Castillo et al.). The cytoplasmic domains of IL-2/15Rb and common gamma chain mediate signaling to activate JAK/STAT and PI3K pathways. IL-15 supports the survival and proliferation of naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and promotes homeostasis of memory T cells. IL-15 also promotes the survival and differentiation of NK cells and regulates their cytolytic activity (Ma et al.).
Subtype
Cytokines
Cell Type
Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells, Lymphocytes, NK Cells
Figure 1. Biological Activity and Molecular Mass of Human Recombinant IL-15
(A) The biological activity of Human Recombinant IL-15 was tested by its ability to promote the proliferation of CTLL2 cells. The EC50 is defined as the effective concentration of the growth factor at which cell proliferation is at 50% of maximum. The EC50 in the above example is ≤ 1 ng/mL.
(B) 1 g of Human Recombinant IL-15 was resolved with SDS-PAGE under reducing (+) and non-reducing (-) conditions and visualized by Coomassie Blue staining. Human Recombinant IL-15 has a predicted molecular mass of 12.9 kDa.
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